The sub-languages that SQL supports fall into 5 categories. The primary purpose of these sub-languages is to add, remove, or change database objects, and they also assist in data manipulation.
- DDL – Data Definition Language.
- CREATE: This command will help in creating the database objects such as databases, tables, indexes, views, stored procedures, triggers and functions.
- ALTER: This command will help in modifying the database objects.
- DROP: This command will help in removing the database objects
- TRUNCATE: This command will help in removing the data from a table.
- DML – Data Manipulation Language.
- INSERT: This command will help in inserting the records in a table.
- UPDATE: This command will help in modifying the existing data from a table.
- DELETE: This command will help in deleting the data from a table.
- DQL – Data Query Language.
- SELECT: This command will help in retrieving the data or metadata from the tables.
- TCL – Transaction Control Language. (SCL – Session Control Language)
- COMMIT: This command will help in committing the transaction.
- ROLLBACK: This command will help in reversing/rollback a transaction.
- SAVEPOINT: This command will help in book marking a specific point in a transaction.
- DCL – Data Control Language.
- GRANT: This command will help in granting the permissions to the users/roles.
- REVOKE: This command will help in revoking the permissions from the users/roles.
I hope this essay was useful to you.
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Big Data and SQL 
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